Growth performance and metabolic utilization of diets with native and waxy maize starch by gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles

The effect of dietary starch source and level on growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients and liver enzyme activities involved in intermediary metabolism of gilthead sea bream juveniles was studied. Five isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isolipidic (15% crude lipids) diets were formulated to contain 10% native (diet NS10) or waxy (diet WS10) maize starch; 20% native (diet NS20) or waxy (diet WS20) maize starch or no starch (control). Diets were adjusted with α-cellulose. Another diet was formulated without carbohydrates, and contained 70% crude protein and 15% crude lipids (diet HP). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish (initial weight: 20 g) for 12 weeks. The HP group was fed to near satiation and the other 5 groups were fed on a pair-feeding scheme according to the group that ingested less feed (control diet group). The reduction of dietary protein level from 70% to 47% by the incorporation of 20% starch did not significantly affect gilthead sea bream growth performance or feed efficiency. Compared to the control diet, neither the level nor the nature of starch had any measurable effect on growth performance and feed efficiency. Digestibility of starch was unaffected by source or dietary inclusion level. Diet had no effect on plasma glucose levels, but liver glycogen was higher in diet groups NS20, WS20 and HP. Dietary carbohydrates increased GK and G6PD enzyme activities and decreased ALAT and GDH enzyme activities while had only a minor effect on FBPase activity. The nature of dietary starch tested (native or waxy) had little influence on performance criteria.     

Effects of density on growth and survival of juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), reared under laboratory conditions

The aim of this study was to quantify the importance of population density on the growth and survival of juvenile red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), and to understand the effects of density on both the period between moults and the increment per moult at high densities without food limitation. A laboratory experiment was performed to determine growth and survival of juvenile crayfish at five densities (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 crayfish m^?2). Density clearly affected crayfish growth. The impact of density on final weight was higher than on total length increase, growth rate and final length (FL) (by decreasing order of effect). When comparing minimum and maximum densities, we observed that FL suffered a 34% reduction. Number of moults, mean intermoult period (IP) and survival were not significantly affected by density. Our results indicated that the IP and the percentage of increment per moult are affected by the size of crayfish before moult and we provide equations for these relations. Our findings are relevant both for crayfish aquaculture management and for the management of wild or harvested rice‐field crayfish populations.     

闽南海区休渔前后张网作业渔获物组成比较分析

本文主要根据2008年闽南海区张网作业渔业资源监测资料，对休渔前后（4月和8月）张网作业渔获物组成进行比较分析。结果表明：2008年休渔前后都以捕经济种类幼鱼为主。4月带鱼、二长棘鲷、刺鲳、鲐鱼、中华管鞭虾等主要经济种类渔获重量占总渔获物重量69．6％，其中带鱼幼鱼数量最多，占总渔获数量的26．2％（每网渔获尾数744ind），居第一位；且个体极小，基本上全为幼鱼，平均体重8．1g。8月带鱼、二长棘鲷、短尾大眼鲷、叫姑鱼、白姑鱼、须赤虾等主要经济种类渔获重量占总渔获物重量50．9％。带鱼数量明显减少（每网渔获尾数226ind），但个体增大，肛长140mm以上占63．6％，平均体重54．5g，比4月增加46．4g。并结合2004、2007年有关资料，较为详细说明休渔前（4月）张网作业对近岸经济幼鱼、幼体损害比休渔结束后（8月）严重，通过休渔对带鱼等经济种类幼鱼资源起了一定保护作用。     

己烯雌酚和辛基酚对真鲷幼鱼的雌激素效应研究

采用静态暴露方式研究己烯雌酚(DES)和辛基酚(OP)对真鲷幼鱼的雌激素效应.当真鲷幼鱼分别暴露于一定浓度的DES和OP,42 d后,真鲷幼鱼的肥满度均极显著下降;血浆中卵黄蛋白原被诱导产生,肝胰脏指数和血浆蛋白总量极显著升高.试验结果表明,真鲷幼鱼的肥满度、肝胰脏指数、血浆蛋白总量等可作为评估DES和OP等环境雌激素毒性效应的生物指标;真鲷幼鱼血浆中的卵黄蛋白原可作为生物标志物,用于监测海洋水体DES和OP等环境雌激素的污染.     

Dispersal of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf: results of a coupled vertical larval behavior – 3D circulation model

In the marine environment, pelagic dispersal is important for determining the distribution and abundance of populations, as well as providing connections among populations. Estimates of larval dispersal from spawning grounds are important to determining temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment that may have significant influences on the dynamics of the population. We present a case study of the dispersal of Centropristis striata (black sea bass) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf. We use a coupled larval behavior – 3D circulation model to compare the effects of the timing and location of spawning against that of larval vertical migration on larval dispersal. Using the results of field data on larval vertical distributions, we compare the dispersal of virtual 'larvae' which have ontogenetic changes in vertical behavior with that of particles fixed near the surface and near the bottom. Larvae were released at potential spawning sites four times throughout the spawning season (February through May) for 3 yr (2002–04) and tracked for the assumed larval duration (from 27 to 37 days including the egg stage). Results indicate that adult behavior, in the form of spawning time and location, may be more important than larval vertical behavior in determining larval dispersal on the inner- and mid- continental shelves of this region.     

人工养殖山女鳟幼鱼的生长特性

于2004年5月30日-2005年2月30日对人工养殖条件下山女鳟(Oncorhynchus masou masou)的生长特性进行观察,观察阶段为山女鳟初孵鱼苗至11月龄。实验期间水温为自然常温(4.7~16.8℃)。结果表明:在这一生长阶段,山女鳟体质量瞬时增长率与水温变化有关,体质量增长量和增长率随水温的升高而加快,高峰出现在5月龄(2004年8月),水温为16.83℃,但山女鳟的最适生长温度还有待进一步研究确定;体质量增长量、相对增长率与体质量瞬时增长率的变化相一致;山女鳟的生长指标和生长常数在人工养殖条件下变化一致,并显现出规律性;从体长和体质量之间的关系可认为山女鳟幼鱼阶段体长和体质量的生长基本同步,生长式型为匀速生长;山女鳟幼鱼阶段的肥满度与水温变化不一致,随着月龄的变化而波动;饲料的营养配比满足不了各个生长期的营养需求,因此,对山女鳟营养需求及配合饲料的研制还有待进一步的研究。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):160-164]     

在新农村建设中发展农村少儿图书馆事业

阐述了新农村建设中发展农村少儿图书馆(室)的意义、农村少儿图书馆(室)的现状及原因,以及如何发展农村少儿图书馆(室)、解决农村少儿看书难问题的措施。     

昌黎生态监控区无机N、P 变化及潜在性富营养化评价

对2006—2010年每年8月河北昌黎生态监控区测定的无机N(NO2-N、NO3-N、NH4-N)和无机P(PO4-P)含量,进行多年站位及总量分析,揭示其年际变化趋势,并结合海水质量标准进行潜在性富营养化评价。结果表明:无机N总量(DIN)于前4年持续下降,而2010年急剧上升至历年最高水平,其中NO3-N含量总体水平远高于NO2-N和NH4-N,成为DIN主要组成部分;无机P含量则呈波动性上升趋势。潜在性富营养化评价结果显示,2010年19个站位均为P限制潜在性富营养(ⅥP),其他年份仅个别站位呈N或P限制潜在性富营养(ⅤN或ⅥP)及中度营养(Ⅱ),其余均为贫营养(Ⅰ)。